![]() ![]() The main advantage of this system is that it is low in weight and easily transportable, to practice laparoscopic skills in any setting. (Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom) has recently developed the eoSim laparoscopic simulator, which is a relatively low-cost simulator ranging from £699 to £1298 at the time of writing, this includes the instrument tracking capability. Therefore, there is still a need for more affordable simulators with the ability to give direct assessment to the trainee, to ensure a training, independent of the availability of expert observers. Although, these expensive high-fidelity simulators are an interesting development they are not affordable to all and often lack mobility. However, this results in increasing costs with the advancement of the technology used. Inanimate simulators are incorporated increasingly as a training module and a strong development of these systems is observed. Therefore, an alternative for this teaching model is the training of laparoscopic surgical skills in a simulated setting. ![]() Also, the introduction of minimally invasive techniques requires a specific set of skills which creates a new teaching dynamic. This model is time-consuming and costly, and there is the risk of secondary harm to the patient due to trainee inexperience. Traditionally, an important part of surgical training follows a master–apprentice model. ![]() The adoption of minimal invasive surgery as a frequently used surgical approach has had a significant impact on surgical practice. Task 3 showed significant differences between groups, after subanalyses, on total number of stitches ( p < 0.001), time per stitch ( p < 0.001) and distance per stitch ( p < 0.001). Task 2 showed significant differences between groups regarding time ( p < 0.001), distance ( p 0.003), off-screen ( p < 0.001) and working area ( p < 0.001). Construct validity results showed significant differences between experts, target group or novices for Task 1 in terms of time (means 339, 6 s, respectively, p < 0.001) and distance (means 8.1, 15.6 and 21.7 m, respectively, p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in these outcomes between the specified expertise groups. Face and content validity results showed a mean positive opinion on realism (3.9 Task 1, 3.6 Task 2 and 3.7 Task 3), didactic value (4.0, 3.4 and 3.7, respectively) and usability (4.2. In total, 104 participants completed the study, of which 60 novices, 31 residents and 13 experts. ![]()
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March 2023
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